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Telecommunications in Pakistan describes the overall environment for the growing mobile telecommunications, telephone, and Internet markets in Pakistan. In 2008 Pakistan was the world’s third fastest growing telecommunications market. Pakistan's telecom infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign and domestic investments into fixed-line and mobile networks; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth.〔 ==Regulatory environment== The Telecommunications Ordinance of 1994 created the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), Pakistan's first independent telecommunications regulator, and the Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd (PTCL), a state-owned monopoly.〔 Due to a lack of competition, local telephone call rates were high and international call rates were even higher. During the 1990s, a call to United States cost $5 per minute (300PkRs per minute), which was not affordable for most of the population. In addition customer service was poor; fixing a problem might take 10 to 15 days. Despite this, consumers had to stick with PTCL, as they had no other options. This prompted the government to take a series of actions to improve the service by opening the telecommunications market.〔( "Pakistan: Birth Of A Telecom Revolution" ), ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', 31 January 2005〕 This was critical, but required a fine balance because opening the market and preserving PTCL were both important for the government. In July 2003 the government introduced a ''Deregulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector'',〔(''De-Regulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector'' ), Ministry of Information Technology, Government of Pakistan, July 2003〕 which allowed and encouraged foreign companies to invest in the Pakistani telecommunications market.〔("Telecommunication Laws in Pakistan" ), Bilal Sarwari, Pakistan Law website, 24 October 2009〕 The centerpiece of the deregulation was the establishment of two categories of basic services licenses: Local loop (LL), for fixed line telecommunication within the 14 PTCL regions, and Long-distance and International (LDI), for connectivity between regions.” Two sets of criteria set by the regulatory authorities must be met before an operator is allowed to start operation: one for the issuance of a license and another for the maintenance of service quality. In 2006, Etisalat International Pakistan, a wholly owned subsidiary of Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, purchased a 26% stake in PTCL and assumed management control of the company.〔("Etisalat to pay $800m for PTCL stake: Waqar" ), Reuters, ''The Nation'', 28 January 2010〕 Pakistan's telecommunications infrastructure includes: Microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks. International links include: landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems (*AMK) that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; 3 Intelsat satellite earth stations (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (2 at Karachi and 1 at Islamabad); and microwave radio relay to neighboring countries.〔 *AMK : Now IMEWE of PTCL and TWA-1 of Transworld (Private Operator) also successfully working in Karachi, Pakistan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Telecommunications in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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